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Dogon and Bangime Linguistics

Overview

This is the website for a project on Dogon languages, also including the Bangime language (a language isolate spoken by a culturally Dogon group). The Principal Investigator is Jeffrey Heath of the University of Michigan. Other fieldworkers are (or have been) Kirill Prokhorov, Laura McPherson, Abbie Hantgan, and the late Stefan Elders. Steven Moran developed and is administering the website. Our year-round assistant in Mali is Minkailou Djiguiba. For further information about these project members, click HERE. We rent one house each in Douentza in northern Dogon country, and Sevare (a transportation hub near Mopti).

Initial funding for Heath's work on Jamsay in the period 2004-06 was from the National Endowment for the Humanities (grant PA 50643-04). Primary funding for the expanded Dogon project in the period 2006-09 was from the National Science Foundation (grant BCS-0537435). Our funding for 2009-2012 is from again NSF (grant BCS-0853364). Prokhorov has been partially funded by a stipend from the Linguistics Dept. of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Leipzig), and more recently by Humboldt University (Berlin). McPherson's fieldwork was partially funded by a Fulbright fellowship. Hantgan received modest supplementary funding from the Indiana University, and had a Fulbright-Hays fellowship for 2010. Heath has received substantial help, principally in the form of released time, from the University of Michigan. All of this support is gratefully acknowledged.

There are approximately twenty Dogon languages, but many Dogon villages are in inaccessible locations, and their languages and dialects have not been fully surveyed. For a list of Dogon languages, based on our current understanding, and their place in the current project, click HERE. Depending on future funding, we hope to complete by 2015 the documentation and analysis (reference grammar, lexicography, texts, images) of all of these languages and to present the material in an integrated fashion.

Please excuse us for glitches and gaps as we work to complete and integrate this website.

For Dogon lexicography, use the tabs "thesaurus" (for top-down lexical data organized by semantic domain), "search" (to locate Dogon words cued by a simple English finder word or short phrase), and "alphabetical" (for Dogon vocabulary based on an alphabetical English finder-list word or phrase). You may prefer to download and work with the Dogon comparative vocabulary spreadsheet that contains the lexical data. Note also that most of the clips on the "video" page and jpg images on the "photos" page are correlated with lexical items, as their file numbers begin with the numerical codes for semantic domains and subdomains used in the thesaurus.

Use the tabs "grammars", "dictionaries," "texts", and "biblio" to find pdf's of unpublished (and generally unfinished) reference grammars, alphabetical dictionaries, selected texts, and Hantgan's critical bibliography of Dogon linguistics. The pdf's will generally be withdrawn from the website on publication. The "typology" page includes brief summaries of key features of the various Dogon languages.

We have spent a great deal of energy collecting and identifying flora and fauna specimens. Under the tab "flora-fauna" we present identification guides. These guides include links to images and descriptions from many other websites. We are also working to make available on this site our already large collection of photos of flora and (to a lesser extent) fauna.

Our lexicographic fieldwork is based primarily on a lexical elicitation spreadsheet with English and French glosses. For an Excel version of this, click HERE. The list is constantly evolving as glosses are added, subtracted, and modified. This list does not currently include certain lexical domains that present problems for cross-linguistically accurate glossing or that are intrinsically local rather than pan-Dogon: flora, fauna, animal colors (including many borrowed from Fulfulde), personal names, place names, Dogon names for Islamic lunar months, names of days in traditional 5- or 6-day weeks, names of local dances and other rituals, hairstyles, and greetings. We will eventually incorporate some of these into the main spreadsheet (from which the lexical data on this website is generated), and will present others as separate datasets.

There is a time lag between updates of the underlying spreadsheet and updates of the lexical pages within this website.

For a skeletal template for reference grammars of Dogon languages, click HERE. Obviously the organization will be modified to fit the contours of any particular language, and to suit the predilections of any given author.

There is room for more fieldworkers on Dogon languages and we welcome correspondence from interested parties, ranging from college graduates to post-docs.


Project Members (alphabetical)

Since 2005 our year-round Malian assistant and factotum has been Minkailou Djiguiba. He was Heath's primary Jamsay research assistant, especially in 2005 and 2006. He now runs the project's bases in Douentza and Sevare and provides logistical support for all of the fieldworkers.

Brian Cansler studies linguistics and African languages at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, focusing on language acquisition, syntax, and phonology. His fieldwork in Mali has been on the Dogul Dom language. Past research projects have included emphatic auxiliary verbs in Senegalese Wolof, and bidirectional nasal harmony in Toro Tegu (Dogon). His fieldwork stint in 2011 working on Dogul Dom was largely successful, and it will be followed by another stint during the summer of 2012. He has recently accepted a position as a visiting scholar at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen.

Vadim Dyachkov is a student of the Moscow State University and studies linguistics focusing on morphology, syntax and their interactions. He joined the project in 2011. He made two short trips to Mali (from June to October 2011 and from February to March 2012) working on the Tomo-Kan language. Initially he began his work with the Djanga-Sagou dialect of Tomo-Kan, but then concentrated on the dialect spoken in Segue collecting texts (esp. fairy tales) and making a corpus. He is now working on a grammar of Tomo-Kan and plans to continue his fieldwork in the near future.

Stefan Elders, a Dutch post-doc trained at University of Leiden (Netherlands) and active as a research associate at the University of Bayreuth (Germany), joined the project in September 2006 to work on Bangime in the village of Bounou. His tragic death in Mali due to a sudden illness in February 2007 was a devastating blow to West African linguistics (never mind our project). In his short lifetime he did extensive fieldwork in Cameroon and Burkina Faso, made important contributions to Gur and West Atlantic linguistics, and was in the process of becoming one of the two or three leading authorities on West African linguistics. This website presents the materials we were able to salvage from his work on Bangime: a handout he prepared for a workshop on Dogon languages in Bamako December 2006, and scans from his notebooks (courtesy of the Elders family). The original notebooks are archived at the University of Leiden library. We are also in possession of two partially recorded cassettes, some flora specimens, and a number of ethnographic photographs that we will process and disseminate. Click on the Bangime tab for more on Elders' work on this language.

Abbie Hantgan, a graduate student in Linguistics at Indiana University specializing in phonology, was recruited following Elders' death to carry on the study of Bangime. She has excellent credentials for this work, having been a Peace Corps volunteer for several years, based initially in the village of Koira Beiri (Kindige language area) and then in Mopti-Sevare. She is fluent in Fulfulde, which is invaluable as a lingua franca in the Bangime villages. Abbie did initial fieldwork in Bounou June-August 2008, and has returned to the field in 2009 and again in 2010.

Jeff Heath, Linguistics, University of Michigan (Ann Arbor) is a veteran of more than 14 years of fieldwork. He began with Australian Aboriginal languages of eastern Arnhem Land (1970's), then did various topical projects on Jewish and Muslim dialects of Maghrebi Arabic (1980's). Since 1989 he has made annual field trips to Mali where he worked in succession on Hassaniya Arabic, riverine Songhay languages (Koyra Chiini, Koyraboro Senni), montane Songhay languages (Tondi Songway Kiini, Humburi Senni), and Tamashek (Berber family). From 2004 to 2011 he has studied the Dogon languages Jamsay, Beni, Walo, Tabi-Sarinyere, Nanga, Yanda-Dom, and Najamba. Jeff was in Mali all of 2011 and plans to remain until August 2012 except for a short trip to Europe. He has recently begun fieldwork on Bunoge, Tiranige, and Tebul Ure along with follow-up fieldwork and grammar editing of several languages he focused on in earlier fieldwork, especially Yanda Dom, Nanga, and Ben Tey. During the current fieldwork he has also been shooting and producing low-budget videos of cultural events and everyday practical activities, some of which can be viewed on the project website. He has also been mapping Dogon villages in collaboration with the LL-MAP project at Eastern Michigan University, and has continued to work on local flora-fauna and native terms thereof. His most recent book is Grammar of Jamsay (Mouton, 2008).

Laura McPherson is a third-year PhD student in Linguistics at UCLA, where she is supported with a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship. Her main theoretical interests lie in phonology, tonology, and the phonology-syntax interface. She earned her BA in Linguistics from Scripps College in 2008, working with Africanist Mary Paster on the verbal morphology of Luganda. She proceeded to spend eleven months in Mali, first with the support of our project (summer 2008) and then with the support of a Fulbright fellowship, during which time she made significant progress on the grammar and lexicon of the Tommo So language. She returned for a brief stint in May-June of 2010, then for another stint in January-February of 2012, with the latter trip focused largely on text collection. Laura expects to publish her Tommo So grammar shortly.

Steven Moran, a veteran of the Eastern Michigan University Linguist List and E-MELD team and now Ph.D. candidate in Computational Linguistics and Language Documentation at the University of Washington, created and is managing this website. He undertook initial fieldwork on Toro-So from April to June 2009 and plans another trip in 2012. He previously did fieldwork in Ghana and published a grammatical sketch of Western Sisaala.

Kirill Prokhorov is a Russian M.A. graduate and Ph.D. candidate who has been trained by West African specialists and field-oriented typologists in Moscow and St. Petersburg. Since 2008 he has focused on the Mombo (= Kolu-So) language with a base in the beautiful village of Songho just west of Bandiagara, from January to December 2008. In January 2009 he was a visiting scholar for one month at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (MPI-EVA) in Leipzig, which has also provided him with a stipend to support his 2008 fieldwork. He has made return trips to Dogon country in 2009, 2010 and 2011. He has begun study of Ampari and did short pilot-studies of Bunoge and Penange. Since 2010 he is based at Humboldt University (Berlin) where he is working on Project "Predicate-centered focus types: A sample-based typological study in African languages" (SFB 632 "Information Structure" funded by German Science Association (DFG), which co-funds his fieldwork on Mombo.


Inventory of Dogon languages

There is much to be learned about Dogon languages and the inventory given here is tentative.

The inventory below of Dogon languages is based partially on our own work and partially on the literature, primarily the SIL survey and the survey work by Roger Blench (see links at end). The groupings are (crudely) geographical, with no implications for genetic subgrouping. Heath is or plans to be working on northeastern, north-central, and north-western languages. McPherson is working on Tommo-So (central plateau). Prokhorov is or plans to be working on Mombo and Ampari (west-central) and Dogulu-Dom (central plateau). Moran plans to work on Toro-So (eastern cliffs).

Several of the terms in common use in the literature are compounds ending in -Kan, -So, -Tegu, etc. These compound finals means 'speech, language', and one can question whether they are necessary. (The purists who insist on such redundant expressions would presumably insist on saying Bahasa Indonesia, Langue Française, etc., instead of Indonesian and French.) For some of the northeastern languages we have previously used geographical names (Beni, Walo, Tabi-Sarinyere). One issue about using native terms is that they may turn out not to be in use throughout the language zone ("Bondu" is a good example), or they may be casual descriptive terms like 'mountain language' that serve in a local zone to differentiate a language from that spoken in an adjacent zone (e.g. the plains).

The links to SIL and Blench on Dogon languages are:

Bangime (Bangeri Me) is probably a language isolate, and is not included in the Dogon inventory. On Bangime see Blench's remarks:


Dogon templates


Technical specifications

To view phonetic data on this site, you should have a Unicode-based font installed on your computer. Data presented here are best viewed with SIL's freely available Charis SIL or Doulos SIL fonts.

We are using Coldfusion 8 to bring users free PDF dictionaries that are generated on-the-fly from the Dogon lexical database. The lexical data is stored in a Unicode-compliant MySQL 5 database.

©2005-2012 Jeffrey Heath