Language Toro So

("mountain language") is the official cover term for a complex of rather divergent varieties (dialects or languages) spoken in the Dogon cultural heartland along and near the cliffs of Bandiagara. Toro So is the basis for the Dogon language (Dogo So) now being taught in schools with government support.

  • Anamoeila-Kana (Toro So) village on stable dune top in plains; farming and herding
  • Anamoeila-Pe (Toro So) village on stable dune top in plains; Catholic church; farming and herding
  • Daga (near Tirelli) village on high plateau above cliffs; Saye originally from Pegue
  • Sangha-Diamoulou section of Sangha, next to Sangha-Bongo
  • Yendouma-Barkala village on top of small hill, settled by people from Yendouma-Dama
  • Nema (Toro So) village on stable dune top in plains; Protestant church; farming and herding
  • Kourou-Sogourou Toro So speaking village in Tomo Kan speaking zone, settled from Nombori; Protestant church; farming and herding
  • Koundou-Kikinou village on summit of mountain
  • Kerou-Gamana-Ma Toro So speaking village in Tomo Kan speaking zone, split off from Kourou-Sogourou; Protestant church; farming and herding
  • Sangha-Diamina section in northern part of Sangha, next to Sangha-Diamini
  • Sangha-Diamini section in northern part of Sangha, adjacent to Sangha-Diamina
  • Yendouma-Baraw village joined to Yendouma-Dama (same coordinates)
  • Yendouma-Sogol main village of Yendouma complex, on lower slope and at base of mountain ridge; about 10% Catholic, 40% Protestand, and 50% nominally Muslim; deep pools (crocodiles); farming and herding; gardens
  • Koundou-Dogomo village on upper slope of mountain, next to Koundou-Bogo; farming and herding; large basket-making industry (using Andropogon stems); cart caravans to Yendouma and Madougou markets
  • Koundou-Goumbo village on upper slope of mountain; Tellem dwellings said to be nearby
  • Sangha-Engele section in western edge of Sangha where road to Bandiagara begins
  • Sangha-Gogoli section of Sangha
  • Yendouma-Dama village abutting Yendouma-Baraw, part of larger Yendouma village complex; farming and herding; gardens
  • Yougo-Dogorou village on Yougo mountain
  • Sono-Poro-Sere village in transition between dunes and regular sandy plain, originally settled from Tirelli on the cliffs; farming and herding
  • Ireli Kanaw village on lower slope
  • Komokani Na village on lower slope and base of cliffs; Tellem structures in niche in cliffs
  • Komokani Na village on lower slope and base of cliff; gardens
  • Sangha-Bongo section of Sangha
  • Koundou-Ando village on upper slope of mountain, next to Koundou-Bogo; a few Tellem dwellings above; water spring near base of mountain directly below; farming and herding
  • Koundou-Bogo cluster of a few houses (three families) on upper slope of mountain, between Koundou-Ando and Koundou-Dogomo
  • Koundou-Gina village on plains at base of mountain, with campement and school; abuts new section of Koundou-Da; farming and herding; blacksmiths
  • Pegue Torou village on shelf halfway up cliff, some houses at base; Tellem constructions on cliff
  • Sangha-Dini section of Sangha
  • Sangha-Ogol section of Sangha, divided into ɔ̀gɔ̀l-dâ: and ɔ̀gɔ̀l-dóɲù (slightly separated)
  • Anamoeila pair of Toro So speaking villages, see Anamouila-Pe and Anamouila-Kana [distinct from Anamouila-Kana and Anamouila-Pe (Togo Kan)]
  • Ireli Dama village halfway up slope, with extension at base; Tellem constructions
  • Yougo-Piri village on Yougo mountain
  • Koundou-Da village in two parts, new village on plains at base of mountain abutting Koundou-Gina, old village on summit
  • Pegue Naa village on lower slope
  • Yendouma cluster of villages (a main village and satellites) on lower slopes and at plains at base of mountain ridge
  • Diam-Ana village on stable dune top in plains; farming and herding
  • Yougo-Na village on slope of Yougo mountain
  • Gotanga village on lower slope of cliffs; gardens
  • Koundou cluster of villages mostly on upper slope of mountain ridge
  • Tirelli village in rocky lower slopes, in six sections; home of an active troupe of Tenge-Tanga masked stilt dancers
  • Tuégou village associtef with Yendouma, but well-separated, on hill
  • Sakoun village in plains, originally settled from Idielli near Nombori on the cliffs; farming and herding
  • Idieli cluster of clifftop and cliffside villages near Nombori
  • Bolomo village on plateau, settled from Sangha (part of secteur of Ouroli)
  • Sangha cluster of at least ten villages (or sections) on summit of mountain and adjacent high plateau; large ponds nearby; road to Bandiagara to the east, steep road going down to the plains to the west at Binani; considered the center of traditional Dogon culture, many hotels and artifact shops (dolls, wooden masks, miniature wooden doors); farming and herding; extensive gardening (onions)
  • Banani village at base and on lower slopes of mountain ridge; steep road leading up to Sangha
  • Ourou village on rocky lower slope of cliff
  • Tanoa village among dunes in plain; Catholic church; farming and herding
  • Amani village in 4 sections, lower slopes; pond with crocodiles; source of Bai-Djengere village
  • Pigue village in plains; small gravelly area nearby
  • Arou village on summit of mountain
  • Neni village in several sections on lower slope of mountain; campement and a few other houses at base
  • Yaye village among boulders at base of cliff
  • Yene village on lower slope and base of cliffs; gardens
  • Ibi village in large section at base of mountain ridge (school, campements); and in several smaller sections on lower slope of mountain above; farming and herding; extensive gardens; people from Ibi were also early settlers in Madougou and still have a neighborhood there; old maps show older village on mountain
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